Canji Daidaita ka'idodi: Cikakken Sakamako

Matsayi na Doe don ingantattun ka'idoji sune tsarin ƙa'idodin da ke haifar da matakan haɓakar makamashi don nau'ikan masu canzawa sun sayar a Amurka daban-daban. Wadannan ka'idojin an tsara su ne don tabbatar da cewa masu canzawa a kasuwa sun hadu da wani matakin makamashi, ta rage yawan makamashi na lantarki gabaɗaya.

Ka'idojin sun rufe wurare da yawa, ciki har da guda-- phase phase 1 1 three 1 three- asplemers na lokaci-lokaci. Sun ƙayyade iyakar ƙimar da aka karɓa don asarar asarar da kuma nauyin da aka yi, gwargwadon ƙarfin juyawa, da nau'in (kamar na man {{4} Nau'in). Misali, ukun -}}10 - Mai rarraba maɓallin keɓaɓɓu na ƙa'idodi na ƙa'idodi don ƙa'idodin aikinta. Yarda da waɗannan ka'idojin sun zama wajibi ga masana'antun masana'antun da suke son siyar da masu kawo canji a kasuwar Amurka.

 

Ⅴ. Asali na daidaitattun ka'idodi

Za'a iya gano ka'idodi na Doe don masu canzawa zuwa ga keɓaɓɓen wayar da keɓancewar bukatar makamashi da kuma tasirin kayan lantarki a kan mahalli kayan aiki akan mahalli kayan lantarki a kan mahalli. Matsalar makamashi ta 1970s ta kasance mai da hankali, nuna rashin daidaituwa na Amurka don karancin makamashi da kuma buƙatar amfani da ƙarfi sosai. A tsawon lokaci, kamar yadda damuwa game da canjin canjin ya girma, akwai karu da karin fifiko kan rage iskar gas da ke hade da samar da makamashi da kuma amfani.

Doe, a matsayin hukumar tarayya game da manufofin makamashi da bincike a Amurka, sun ci gaba da gabatar da ka'idodin samar da kayayyaki daban-daban, gami da masu canzawa. An tsara waɗannan ka'idodi ta hanyar cikakken tsari wanda ya shafi shigarwar daga masana masana'antu, masu binciken makamashi, da ƙungiyoyin muhalli. Manufar ita ce ta kashe ma'auni tsakanin inganta ƙarfin makamashi da tabbatar da cigaban amintattu da tsada. An sabunta ƙa'idodin lokaci-lokaci don ci gaba da tafiya tare da cigaban fasaha da masana'antu, da kuma ƙara haɓaka ajiyar kuzari.

 

Matsayi na VI.Doe

Yara {{0} }}age dry -} ire na transformers.

Guda {{0 {to awowi				Uku -
KVA	2007 Iya aiki (%)	2016 Iya aiki (%)	Ɗan bambanci %	KVA	2007 Iya aiki (%)	2016 Iya aiki (%)	Ɗan bambanci %
15	97.7	97.70	0.00%	15	97.0	97.89	0.92%
25	98.0	98.00	0.00%	30	97.5	98.23	0.75%
37.5	98.2	98.20	0.00%	45	97.7	98.40	0.72%
50	98.3	98.30	0.00%	75	98.0	98.60	0.61%
75	98.5	98.50	0.00%	112.5	98.2	98.74	0.55%
100	98.6	98.60	0.00%	150	98.3	98.83	0.54%
167	98.7	98.70	0.00%	225	98.5	98.94	0.45%
250	98.8	98.80	0.00%	300	98.6	99.02	0.43%
333	98.9	98.90	0.00%	500	98.7	99.14	0.45%
				750	98.8	99.23	0.44%
				1000	98.9	99.28	0.38%

 

Ruwa {{0} ► edformers rarraba transformers

Guda {{0 {to awowi				Uku -
KVA	2010 Iya aiki (%)	2016 Iya aiki (%)	Ɗan bambanci %	KVA	2010 Iya aiki (%)	2016 Iya aiki (%)	Ɗan bambanci %
10	98.62	98.7	0.08%	15	98.36	98.65	0.29%
15	98.76	98.82	0.06%	30	98.62	98.83	0.21%
25	98.91	98.95	0.04%	45	98.76	98.92	0.16%
37.5	99.01	99.05	0.04%	75	98.91	99.03	0.12%
50	99.08	99.11	0.03%	112.5	99.01	99.11	0.10%
75	99.17	99.19	0.02%	150	99.08	99.16	0.08%
100	99.23	99.25	0.02%	225	99.17	99.23	0.06%
167	99.25	99.33	0.08%	300	99.23	99.27	0.04%
250	99.32	99.39	0.07%	500	99.25	99.35	0.10%
333	99.36	99.43	0.07%	750	99.32	99.40	0.08%
500	99.42	99.49	0.07%	1000	99.36	99.43	0.07%
667	99.46	99.52	0.06%	1500	99.42	99.48	0.06%
833	99.49	99.55	0.06%	2000	99.46	99.51	0.05%
				2500	99.49	99.53	0.04%

 

Matsakaici {{0} enpage bushe - to} ^ extrers transforers

Ingancin 2010 (%)
Guda {{0 {to awowi				Uku -
KVA	Bils			KVA	Bils
	20-45kv	46-95kv	Mafi girma ko daidai yake da 96kv		20-45kv	46-95kv	Mafi girma ko daidai yake da 96kv
	Inganci (%)	Inganci (%)	Iya aiki (%)		Inganci (%)	Inganci (%)	Inganci (%)
15	98.1	97.86		15	97.50	97.18
25	98.33	98.12		30	97.90	97.63
37.5	98.49	98.3		45	98.10	97.86
50	98.6	98.42		75	98.33	98.12
75	98.73	98.57	98.53	112.5	98.49	98.30
100	98.82	98.67	98.63	150	98.60	98.42
167	98.96	98.83	98.80	225	98.73	98.57	98.53
250	99.07	98.95	98.91	300	98.82	98.67	98.63
333	99.14	99.03	98.99	500	98.86	98.83	98.80
500	99.22	99.12	99.09	750	99.07	98.95	98.91
667	99.27	99.18	99.15	1000	99.14	99.03	98.99
833	99.31	99.23	99.20	1500	99.22	99.12	99.09
				2000	99.27	99.18	99.15
				2500	99.31	99.23	99.20

 

2016 ingancin (%)
Guda {{0 {to awowi				Uku -
KVA	Bils			KVA	Bils
	20-45kv	46-95kv	Mafi girma ko daidai yake da 96kv		20-45kv	46-95kv	Mafi girma ko daidai yake da 96kv
	Inganci (%)	Inganci (%)	Iya aiki (%)		Inganci (%)	Inganci (%)	Inganci (%)
15	98.10	97.86		15	97.50	97.18
25	98.33	98.12		30	97.90	97.63
37.5	98.49	98.30		45	98.10	97.86
50	98.60	98.42		75	98.33	98.13
75	98.73	98.57	98.53	112.5	98.52	98.36
100	98.82	98.67	98.63	150	98.65	98.51
167	98.96	98.83	98.80	225	98.82	98.69	98.57
250	99.07	98.95	98.91	300	98.93	98.81	98.69
333	99.14	99.03	98.99	500	99.09	98.99	98.89
500	99.22	99.12	99.09	750	99.21	99.12	99.02
667	99.27	99.18	99.15	1000	99.28	99.20	99.11
833	99.31	99.23	99.20	1500	99.37	99.30	99.21
				2000	99.43	99.36	99.28
				2500	99.47	99.41	99.33

 

Yayinda ka'idodi masu inganci suna amfani da su ga yawancin transformers, wasu masu canzawa- an tsara don ayyuka na musamman ko yanayin {1} {{1} {E). Da ke ƙasa akwai rarrabuwa na masu canzawa ba batun biyan bukatun aikata inganci, shirya ta hanyar yanayin aiki:

1. Haɗi na Musamman & Kariya masu kariya

• Gidan inutotransform: Yana amfani da iska guda don tayar da wutar lantarki; Tsarin tsari na tsari yana ba da daidaitaccen dokokin aiki na yau da kullun.
• Mai canzawa: Gina don kariyar filayen tsarin, fifikon aminci akan ingancin makamashi.
• Mai canzawa: Yana buƙatar daidaitawa akai-akai (maɓallin kewayawa mafi girma fiye da ko daidai yake da 20%); An tsara don tsarin ƙarfin lantarki, ba kuɗaɗen kuzari ba.

2

• Injin - Kayan aiki (sarrafawa) mai canzawa: An tsara shi don mashin daidai mashin {{0} 0}} Kulawa na kayan aiki, fifiko akan ƙarfin makamashi.
• Welding mai canzawa: A ware don aiwatar da ayyukan walda (budoma-da sauri - na yanzu); Alamar zane ta bambanta da manufa ta misali.
• Fitar da (ware) mai canzawaAna amfani da maɓallin kunnawa {{0} Aca tsarin tuƙin lantarki, mai da hankali kan kashe wutar lantarki {{1} ya rabu da dokokin aiki.

3

• Non - trans} trans: Reces akan sanyaya / moling; Tsara fifikon karbar sararin samaniya, ba daidaitaccen aiki ba.
• Mai watsa shirye-shiryen: Cikakken-} Tsarin da aka rufe yana iyakance Tsarin Thermal da ingantaccen ingantawa {{1} etpps.
• Na musamman {{0} mai canzawa: Gina don takamaiman rashin daidaito {{0} Hoto Yanayin Yanayi (misali, kayan gwaji); Aiki yana ɗaukar fifiko akan ingancin makamashi.

4

• Mai canzawa mai juyawa: Bridgs AC -}} Tripeilityilyilityilyilyillip, buƙatar dacewa da da'ira mai gyara-} oxa'idodi mai nisa- activedility da da'ira mai tsayayye-} ireficewa tare da da'ira maitsra - circ circu- actives da'irar Exteriits Repit - encufier Eritsifer
• Mai ba da izini na wutar lantarki (UPS) mai canzawa: Yana tabbatar da dogaro da wutar lantarki; abubuwan da suka fi fice game da karfin aiki.
• TARIHI: Amfani da gwajin kayan lantarki na lantarki (daidaitawa na lantarki / daidaitawa na yanzu); An tsara don ayyukan gwaji, ba adana kuzarin kuzari ba.

 

Viii. Dangantaka tsakanin farashin samarwa da inganci

Akwai ingantacciyar dangantaka tsakanin samar da masu canzawa da ingancin makamashi. Gabaɗaya, mafi girma- utient transformers na bukatar karin abubuwa masu ci gaba da masana'antu, wanda zai iya ƙara farashin samarwa. Misali, don rage asarar da ke haifar da asarar, masu kera na iya amfani da babban- irfin kayan magnetic kamar-} better} grade silicon karfe. Wadannan kayan suna yawanci suna da tsada fiye da daidaitattun kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙananan- o} transformers.

Haka kuma, tsarin masana'antu na kan -} Esperarfin watsa shirye-shirye na iya zama daidai da daidai kuma lokaci {1} girbe. A cikin haƙuri mai haƙuri da haƙuri a cikin aikin ginin iska da mafi kyawun abubuwan rufewa ana buƙatar rage asarar kaya. Waɗannan abubuwan suna ba da gudummawa ga farashin samarwa mafi girma. Koyaya, daga wani dogon -}}} enarfin ingancin waɗannan transforers na iya haifar da mahimmancin kuzarin kuzari don ƙarshen {6} {{6} {{6} - - - - - {{6} - - - {{6} - - - {{6} {{6} {{} {Masu amfani. A cikin Lifepan na mai canzawa, wanda zai iya zama {8} shekaru ko ƙari, rage ƙarfin kuzari na iya kashe mafi farashin siye na farko.

Masu kera suna fuskantar kalubalen neman daidaito da dama tsakanin farashin samarwa da inganci. Suna buƙatar samar da masu canzawa waɗanda suka sadu da ka'idodi masu inganci yayin da suka rage gasa a kasuwa. Wannan na iya haɗawa da cigaban bincike da ci gaba don nemo cospentalibs {{2} Hanyoyi masu tasiri don haɓaka haɓaka, kamar ta hanyar fasahar ƙira, har yanzu suna ba da makamashi mai kyau {{3} Properties.

 

IX. Kalubale da aka gabatar da {{{{{{{{{Expype

Lokacin daga {0} a nan to} shaida canje-canje masu mahimmanci a cikin daidaitattun ka'idodi don masu canzawa. Wadannan canje-canje sun ci gaba da ci gaba da rage yawan makamashi da inganta wadatar makamashi mai dorewa. Koyaya, sun kuma kawo kalubale da yawa ga masana'antu da masana'antu gaba ɗaya.

Daya daga cikin manyan kalubale shi ne bukatar masana'antun da sauri don daidaita hanyoyin samar da kayan aikinsu da ƙirar samfuransu don saduwa da sabon, ƙa'idojin maganganu. Wannan na buƙatar manyan zuba jari a bincike da ci gaba don haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa wanda zai iya biyan iyakancewar asarar lamuni. Lines na samarwa da yawa dole ne a inganta shi ko sake {{2} acitsered, wanda ya haifar da ƙara farashi a cikin gajeren {{3.

Akwai kuma kalubale a cikin sharuddan gudanarwar sarkar. A matsayin masana'antu suna sauya don amfani da kayan daban-daban don haɓaka wadataccen aiki, dole ne su tabbatar da ingantaccen wadatar waɗannan sabbin kayan. Misali, idan masana'anta ya fara amfani da sabon nau'in kayan maganadici, suna buƙatar samun ingantattun kayayyaki da sasantawa tsawon kwangilar {{2} {. Duk wani rikicewar a cikin sarkar samar da wadatar da zai iya haifar da jinkirta samarwa da haɓaka farashi.

Wani kalubale yana da alaƙa da farashin - haɓaka sabbin masu canzawa. Yayin da dogon - Avings tanadin samar da makamashi ajiyayyu a bayyane, musamman waɗanda ke da iyakantattun kasafin kuɗi, musamman waɗanda suke da iyakantaccen sayan. Wannan ya haifar da yiwuwar jinkirin da sabbin hanyoyin, mafi inganci transformers a kasuwa, duk da muhalli da suka bayar {4} tanado fa'idodi.