Transformer na Railway: Nau'i, Ƙayyadaddun bayanai da Aikace-aikace

 

Gabatarwa

Manyan jiragen kasa masu sauri{0}, trams, dogo masu sauƙi, metros, da jiragen ƙasa na al'ada duk sun dogara da ingantaccen wutar lantarki don aiki cikin aminci da inganci. Bayan wannan samar da wutar lantarki akwai kewayon na'urori na musamman na tashar jirgin ƙasa, waɗanda aka kera don juyawa da rarraba wutar lantarki ga sassa daban-daban na tsarin lantarki na layin dogo. Tsakanin su,jan hankalimasu aikin wutataka muhimmiyar rawa. Ana amfani da su a cikin tashoshin jirgin ƙasa kuma, a wasu aikace-aikace, jiragen ƙasa na kan jirgin don canza wutar lantarki zuwa ƙarfin lantarki da tsarin da ake buƙata ta tsarin jigilar layin dogo. A cikin wannan makala, mun yi bayanin menene na’urar taransifomar jirgin kasa, da yadda taransifoma ke aiki, da manyan nau’ukan na’urorin lantarki na jirgin kasa, da muhimman bayanai dalla-dalla, da kuma yadda ake zabar na’urar da ta dace da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta jirgin kasa.

 

Menene tashar jirgin ƙasa?

An ƙera na'urar canjin hanyar jirgin ƙasa don amfani da tsarin lantarki na layin dogo don canzawa, ware, da rarraba wutar lantarki don jiragen ƙasa da kayan aiki masu alaƙa. Daya daga cikin manyan nau'o'in shine na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto, wanda ke ba da wutar lantarki ga tsarin zirga-zirgar jiragen kasa.

Transformer na hanyar jirgin ƙasa, wanda kuma aka sani da mai canza wutar lantarki, yawanci yana jujjuya wutar lantarki mai girma{0}} AC daga grid mai amfani ko cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa zuwa wutar lantarki mai dacewa da tsarin gogayya. Ana shigar da shi galibi a tashar jirgin ƙasa, inda yake ba da wutar lantarki zuwa sama da tsarin jirgin ƙasa{2} ko na uku. An kuma kera wasu na'urar taswira don sanyawa kai tsaye a kan jiragen kasa masu amfani da wutar lantarki.

Ba kamar na'urorin wutar lantarki na al'ada ba, tilas ne mai jujjuyawa ya kula da canje-canje akai-akai da saurin kaya. Haɗawar jirgin ƙasa na iya haifar da haɓaka kwatsam a halin yanzu, yayin da birki da canje-canjen aikin jirgin ƙasa na iya haifar da ƙarin bambance-bambancen nauyin wutar lantarki. Don haka, an ƙera na'urorin jigilar jigilar jirgin ƙasa don ingantaccen aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai ƙarfi, damuwa na lantarki, girgiza, da sauran yanayin layin dogo masu buƙata.

Don ƙarin bayani game da gine-ginen transfoma da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa

ga muBayanin Taswirar Traction.

 

3. Ka'idar Aiki na Transformer Railway

Ka'idar aiki mai canza canjin layin dogo ta dogara ne akan shigar da wutar lantarki. A cikin tashar wutar lantarki, taransfoma tana yin ƙasa mai girma{1}}ƙarfin wutar lantarki daga grid ko layin dogo zuwa wutar lantarki da ta dace da tsarin jigilar layin dogo.

Babban shigar da wutar lantarki{{0}: Ana ciyar da wutar lantarki daga manyan layukan catenary ko na uku{0}} tsarin dogo zuwa cikin iskar farko na na'urar wutar lantarki. Wutar shigar da wutar lantarki na iya zuwa daga 15kV zuwa 25kV, dangane da tsarin layin dogo.

 

Canjin Wutar Lantarki:Babban shigar da wutar lantarki - yana ƙarfafa iskar farko kuma yana haifar da canjin yanayin maganadisu a cikin ainihin gidan wuta. Ta hanyar shigar da wutar lantarki, wannan filin maganadisu yana haifar da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin iska na biyu, tare da ƙarfin lantarki da aka ƙaddara ta hanyar jujjuyawar juyawa.

 

Tsarin Wutar Lantarki: Taswirar layin dogo na daidaita wutar lantarki don dacewa da buƙatun tsarin tafiyar jirgin, yawanci yana rage shi zuwa ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki wanda ya dace da kayan motsa jirgin.

 

Isar da Wuta: Ana isar da wutar lantarkin da aka canza zuwa na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto, gami da na'urorin motsa jiki ko wasu kayan aikin da ke kan jirgin, wanda zai ba jirgin damar yin aiki.

 

Kariya & Sarrafawa: Dole ne injinan wutar lantarki na layin dogo su kula da babban ƙarfin shigarwa da buƙatun kaya daban-daban yayin aikin jirgin ƙasa. Na'urorin kariya kamar masu watsewar kewayawa da na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna lura da zafin jiki, ƙarfin lantarki, da na yanzu don tabbatar da amintaccen aiki mai aminci.

 

Ra'ayin & Daidaitawa: Ci gaba da saka idanu yana ba da damar tsarin don amsa canje-canje a cikin kaya da yanayin aiki, yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da kuma hana kasawa.

 

4. Nau'in Transformers na Railway

Akwai nau'ikan transfoman jirgin ƙasa da yawa, kuma ƙirarsu ta bambanta dangane da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, wurin shigarwa, da aikace-aikace. Manyan nau'ikan sun haɗa da na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto na tsaye, na'urar wutar lantarki ta kan jirgin, da na'urori masu canzawa da yawa, da na'urar wutar lantarki da yawa.

 

4.1 Masu Canja-canje na Tsaye

Ana shigar da tassoshi masu tsayayye a tashoshin jirgin ƙasa da ke kan layin dogo. Suna saukar da babban ƙarfin wutar lantarki{1} daga grid ko hanyar sadarwar samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa kafin su ba da wutar lantarki ga jirgin ƙasa ta hanyar jirgin sama ta hanyar catenary ko layin dogo na uku.

Ana amfani da waɗannan na'urori masu amfani da wutar lantarki da yawa a cikin tsarin lantarki na layin dogo don samar da ingantaccen ingantaccen wutar lantarki ga jiragen ƙasa masu amfani da wutar lantarki.

 

4.2 Masu Canjin Jirgin Sama

Ana shigar da tasfoman da ke kan jirgin kai tsaye a kan jiragen ƙasa masu amfani da wutar lantarki ko na'urorin motsa jiki. Suna da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira mai sauƙi da nauyi saboda dole ne su tafi tare da jirgin yayin da suke aiwatar da manyan buƙatun wutar lantarki na tsarin jan hankali.

Wadannan tafsoshin suna samun wutar lantarki daga tsarin saman layin dogo kuma suna saukar da shi zuwa wutar lantarki mai dacewa don jigilar jirgin da kayan lantarki.

 

4.3 Gogayya ta atomatik -Masu canjawa

Ana amfani da na'urori masu sarrafa wutar lantarki{0}} a cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na layin dogo, musamman a aikace-aikacen jirgin ƙasa mai girma - ƙarfin lantarki da babban{2}. Suna taimakawa kula da wutar lantarki da ake buƙata tare da layin dogo kuma suna iya rage raguwar ƙarfin lantarki da asarar wutar lantarki akan dogon nesa.

Ba kamar na al'ada guda biyu -tasfomai masu iska ba, mai atomatik{1}}mai canzawa yana amfani da iskar gama gari don ɓangaren firamare da sakandare.

 

4.4 Multi{1}}Masu Canjin Tsarin Tsari

Multi{0}System Transformers an ƙera su ne don jiragen ƙasa masu amfani da wutar lantarki waɗanda ke aiki a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar jirgin ƙasa tare da tsarin wutar lantarki daban-daban. Suna iya ɗaukar nau'ikan wutar lantarki da mitoci daban-daban, ba da damar jiragen ƙasa suyi aiki a cikin yankuna ko ƙasashe masu ma'aunin wutar lantarki daban-daban.

 

4.5 Masu Canzawa don AC da DC Traction Systems

Hakanan za'a iya rarraba tasfoman titin jirgin ƙasa bisa ga nau'in samar da wutar lantarki na layin dogo.

Ana amfani da na'urorin wutar lantarki na AC a cikin tsarin lantarki na layin dogo na AC, gami da dogayen hanyoyin sadarwa na dogo masu tsayi da tsayi{1}. Suna saukar da wutar lantarki AC mai shigowa zuwa matakin da tsarin tafiyar jirgin ya buƙaci.

Ana amfani da tsarin jan ƙarfe na DC don jiragen ƙasa na metro, trams, da layin dogo na birni. A cikin waɗannan tsarin, ana amfani da tasfotoci gaba ɗaya tare da masu gyara don canza wutar AC mai shigowa zuwa wutar DC da tsarin layin dogo ke buƙata.

Zaɓin na'urar lantarki ta jirgin ƙasa ya dogara da tsarin lantarki na layin dogo, ƙarfin lantarki da mita, nau'in shigarwa, buƙatun jirgin ƙasa, da yanayin aiki.

 

5. Aikace-aikace na Railway Traction Transformers

Ana amfani da na'urar taswirar hanyar jirgin ƙasa a cikin ingantattun hanyoyin layin dogo don samar da ingantaccen ƙarfi ga jiragen ƙasa da kayan aikin layin dogo masu alaƙa. Aikace-aikacen su sun bambanta bisa ga nau'in layin dogo, jirgin kasa, da tsarin wutar lantarki.

 

6. Railway Traction Transformer Design da Bayani dalla-dalla

Ƙirar wutar lantarki ya dogara da tsarin lantarki na layin dogo, nau'in shigarwa, matakin ƙarfin lantarki, buƙatun wutar lantarki, da yanayin aiki. Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun na'urorin wutar lantarki, masu canjin hanyar jirgin ƙasa suna buƙatar jure wa sauye-sauyen kaya akai-akai, girgizar injina, matsalolin lantarki, da buƙatar yanayin aiki.

 

6.1 Core da Windings

Cibiyar taswira tana ba da ƙaramin -hanyar ƙin yarda don motsin maganadisu tsakanin iska. Manyan kayan aiki masu inganci{2} da tsayayyen gini suna taimaka wa tasfoma ta kula da ingantaccen aiki a ƙarƙashin jujjuyawar lodin jirgin ƙasa.

An ƙera iskar gas ɗin gwargwadon ƙarfin lantarki da ake buƙata. Ana amfani da mafi ingancin kayan madugu da tsarin rufewa don samar da ƙarfin injina da na'urar lantarki da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen layin dogo.

 

6.2 Voltage da Mita

Ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin wutar lantarki sun dogara da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na layin dogo. Matakan samar da layin dogo gama gari sun haɗa da:

• 15 kV, 16.7 Hz AC - da ake amfani da shi a wasu hanyoyin sadarwar jirgin ƙasa na Turai.
• 25kV, 50/60 Hz AC - ana amfani da shi sosai don lantarkin layin dogo.
• 1.5 kV DC da 3 kV DC tsarin gogayya - da ake amfani da su a wasu hanyoyin sadarwar birni da na al'ada.

Ana zaɓar ƙarfin fitarwa bisa ga buƙatun tsarin juzu'i da kayan aikin lantarki na ƙasa.

 

6.3 Ƙimar Ƙarfi

Ana ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdigewa a cikin kVA ko MVA kuma ya dogara da jirgin ƙasa, hanyar sadarwar jirgin ƙasa, da kuma nauyin da ake tsammani. Aikace-aikace daban-daban na iya buƙatar ƙimar wutar lantarki daban-daban, daga ƙananan raka'a don layin dogo mai sauƙi da trams zuwa mafi girma{1}}masu wutar lantarki don manyan jiragen ƙasa masu sauri da nauyi{3} tsarin layin dogo.

Dole ne kuma a ƙera na'urar taranfofi don jure ɗan gajeren lokaci da yawa da canje-canje masu sauri a lokacin hawan jirgin ƙasa, birki, da aiki na yau da kullun.

 

6.4 Sanyaya da Ginawa

Masu canza wutar lantarki na iya amfani da hanyoyin sanyaya daban-daban dangane da shigarwa da buƙatun wutar lantarki.

Man fetur{0}}wayoyin da aka nutsar da su suna amfani da ruwa mai sanyaya don sanyaya da kuma rufewa.

Dry{0}nau'in tasfoma suna amfani da iska don sanyaya da kayan kariya masu ƙarfi, suna sa su dace da aikace-aikacen da ba a fi son mai ba.

Don aikace-aikacen kan jirgin, dole ne taswirar ta cika tsananin sarari da buƙatun nauyi. Dangane da ƙirar jirgin ƙasa, ana iya shigar da tasfotoci a cikin dakunan injina, ƙarƙashin ƙasa, a ƙasan ƙasa{1}} ko a kan rufin.

 

6.5 Matsa Canji da Tsarin Wutar Lantarki

Ana iya amfani da mai canza famfo don daidaita wutar lantarki bisa ga buƙatun tsarin wutar lantarki na layin dogo. Ya danganta da aikace-aikacen, na'urar taswira na iya amfani da mai canza tafsiri (OLTC) ko a kashe{2}

OLTC na iya daidaita wutar lantarki yayin da taransfoma ke ci gaba da samun kuzari, yayin da mai sauya matsa lamba yana buƙatar cire haɗin na'urar kafin a canza wurin famfo.

 

6.6 Inganci da Asarar Makamashi

An ƙera na'urorin wutar lantarki don yin aiki mai girma saboda suna aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi akai-akai da canza yanayin kaya. Asarar makamashin su ya haɗa da hasara mai mahimmanci da asarar nauyi.

• Babban hasara: Mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da hysteresis da igiyar ruwa a cikin core transformer. Waɗannan asara suna dawwama idan aka kunna wutar lantarki.
• Load da asarar: Yafi lalacewa ta hanyar juriya na iska da karuwa tare da murabba'in nauyin nauyin yanzu.
• Sauran asara: Asarar da ba ta dace ba, asarar wutar lantarki, da ƙarfin da kayan aikin sanyaya ke cinyewa na iya ba da gudummawa ga asarar duka.

Haƙiƙanin inganci da asara sun dogara ne akan ƙirar taswira, ƙimar ƙarfi, kayan aiki, hanyar sanyaya, da nauyin aiki. Don haka, ya kamata a kimanta ingancin canjin canji da ƙimar hasara bisa ga ƙayyadaddun buƙatun aikin da matakan da suka dace.

 

6.7 Kariya da Gwaji

Dogaran kariya yana da mahimmanci saboda na'urorin wutar lantarki suna aiki a ƙarƙashin manyan kayan wuta da ƙarfi. Babban kariya da ayyukan sa ido sun haɗa da:

• Kariyar wuce gona da iri
• Kariyar wuce gona da iri
• Kula da yanayin zafi
• Insulation saka idanu
• Kariyar kuskuren ƙasa

Ana yin gwajin taswira don tabbatar da aikin wutar lantarki, ƙarfin rufewa, aikin zafin jiki, da amincin gabaɗaya kafin a sanya na'urar ta atomatik zuwa sabis.

Yakamata a ƙayyade ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan canji na ƙarshe da ƙima bisa ga tsarin ƙarfin lantarki na layin dogo, mita, buƙatun wuta, yanayin shigarwa, hanyar sanyaya, da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa.

 

6.8 Mahimmin Kalubalen Ƙira

Taswirar hanyar jirgin ƙasa suna buƙatar daidaita buƙatu da yawa, gami da:

Babban iko: Sarrafa manyan abubuwa masu canzawa da sauri.

Gudanar da thermal: Rarraba zafi a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki mai buƙata.

Ƙarfin injina: Jurewa rawar jiki da damuwa na inji.

Ƙarfafawa: Haɗu da iyakokin sarari da nauyi, musamman don aikace-aikacen kan jirgin.

Abin dogaro: Kula da barga aiki tare da mafi ƙarancin kulawa.

 

7. Yadda za a Zabi Transformer na Railway?

Zaɓin madaidaicin gidan wuta na jirgin ƙasa ya dogara da tsarin wutar lantarki, buƙatun kaya, yanayin shigarwa, da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa. Kafin yin oda, yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da mahimman bayanai masu zuwa.

 

7.1 Ƙarfin Ƙarfi da Ƙarfin Wuta

Ya kamata taransfoma ya kasance yana da isasshen ƙarfin da zai iya ɗaukar nauyin layin dogo da ake sa ran, gami da kololuwa da canza lodi yayin aiki. Ya kamata a ƙayyade ƙarfin ƙimar da ake buƙata da babban matakin ƙarfin lantarki bisa ga tsarin samar da wutar lantarki.

SCOTECH na iya samar da masu taswira tare da ƙididdige ƙarfin har zuwa 100 MVA kuma ana ƙididdige babban ƙarfin lantarki har zuwa 132 kV, tare da ƙididdiga na musamman da ake samu bisa ga buƙatun aikin.

 

7.2 Haɗin kai da Bukatun lokaci

Haɗin tafsiri ya kamata ya dace da tsarin jigilar layin dogo da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki. Aikace-aikacen layin dogo daban-daban na iya buƙatar shirye-shiryen lokaci daban-daban da haɗin kai.

Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan haɗi sun haɗa da:

• YN, d11
• YN, d11,d5
• V₀V₀
• Scott{0} an haɗa (3-phase/2-phase)
• Leblanc{0}} an haɗa (3-phase/2-phase)
• Woodbridge{0} an haɗa (3-phase/2-phase)

 

7.3 Matsakaicin Rubutu da sanyaya

Zaɓin insulating da sanyaya matsakaici ya dogara da yanayin shigarwa, bukatun aiki, da ƙayyadaddun aikin.

SCOTECH na iya samar da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, gami da FR3, mai ma'adinai, silicone, hydrocarbon, da mai kayan lambu.

Hakanan za'a iya saita tsarin sanyaya bisa ga ƙima da aikace-aikace, tare da radiyon galvanized ko bakin -ƙarfe akwai.

 

7.4 Tanki da Na'urorin haɗi

Tankin mai canzawa da murfin ya kamata ya ba da isasshen ƙarfin injina da kariya don abubuwan ciki. Dangane da buƙatun aikin, SCOTECH yana ba da ƙaramin ƙarfe ko bakin - tankunan ƙarfe da murfi.

Hakanan za'a iya saita ƙarin na'urorin haɗi, gami da:

• Buchholz relay
• Transformer na yanzu (CT)
• Akan -mai canza matsi (OLTC)
• Akwatin Marshalling
• Mai nuna zafin iska
• Sauran kayan saka idanu da kariya

 

7.5 Impedance da Bukatun Musamman

Rigakafin mai canzawa yana shafar ƙa'idodin wutar lantarki da gajeriyar aikin kewayawa, don haka yakamata a zaɓi shi gwargwadon buƙatun tsarin layin dogo.

SCOTECH yana goyan bayan rashin ƙarfi na al'ada kuma yana iya samar da garkuwar lantarki lokacin da ake buƙata. Hakanan za'a iya keɓance sauran sigogin taswira bisa ga ƙayyadaddun aikin.

 

7.6 Matsayi da Gwaji

Yakamata a tsara da gwada masu canjin layin dogo bisa ka'idojin da ake buƙata don takamaiman aikin da kasuwa. SCOTECH yana ƙirƙira taswira bisa ga IEC, ANSI/IEEE, NEMA, CSA, da sauran ƙa'idodi masu dacewa.

Kafin zabar na'urar ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa, tabbatar da ƙimar wutar da ake buƙata, ƙarfin lantarki, mita, haɗi, rufi da matsakaicin sanyaya, impedance, na'urorin haɗi, yanayin shigarwa, da ma'auni masu dacewa. Bayar da waɗannan cikakkun bayanai ga masu kera taswira yana taimakawa tabbatar da cewa ƙirar ƙarshe ta dace da tsarin wutar lantarki da buƙatun aiki.