A cikin - Binciken bincike game da gwajin DG: Zabi na hangen nesa don gano cuta

 

1

Tsarin rufin wani canji na canji ya ƙunshi mai ma'adinan ma'adinai (ko kuma mahimmin yanayin yanayin yanayi kamar fr3) da kuma m faifing kayan (misali, insulating takarda). A yayin aiki na yau da kullun, insulating kayan da ke kai a hankali kuma suna haifar da gutsuttsura da gas; Koyaya, lokacin da kuskure kamarfitarwa na baka, sallama wani, da kuma overheatingfaruwa a cikin mai canjin, babban makamashi a wurin da ba zai iya faduwar mai da rufi mai karfi da kuma rufin gas ba. Yawancin waɗannan gas sun narke a cikin rufin mai, yayin da ƙananan adadin akwai a cikin yanayin kyauta a cikin mai ko ɗakin kayan gas.

Babban dabarun gwajin DGG ya ƙunshi tsari naTarin mai tarin man → Rage GasDon sau da yawa gano nau'ikan da kuma maida hankali ga gas na gases a cikin mai. Sannan, ta hanyar hada dangantakar da ya dace tsakanin gas da nau'ikan aibi, yana canzawa ko akwai couturrukai a cikin juyawa da kuma yanayin kurakurai. Ainihin, yana dawo da laifin da ke cikin "yatsan gas".

 

2

Nau'in kuskure daban-daban suna samar da nau'ikan gas da iri daban-daban saboda bambancin yanayin aiki da yawan aiki. A cewar ka'idojin kasa da kasa (misali, IEC 60599) da ayyukan masana'antu, gwajin DGA yana nuna nau'ikan gas na uku masu zuwa,

Sunan mai	Alama ta sawu	Babban Kuskure	Bayanin fasalin maɓallin
Hydrogen	H₂	Fitar sakin, low - ukun kuzarin kudu	Babban samfurin kayan kwayar cutar da aka haifar ta hanyar fitarwa
Methane	Ch₄	Low {{0} Laifin zafin jiki na zazzabi (<300℃)	Farkon samfurin mai yalwataccen bazuwar, tare da babban rabo a yanayin zafi
Ethane	C₂H₆	Low {{0} Laifin zafin jiki na zazzabi (<300℃)	Wanda aka samar tare tare da methane, hadin gwiwa yana nuna karancin- ofa yawan zafin jiki
Ethylene	C₂H₄	High-temperature thermal fault (>700 digiri)	Hasashen gas daga - zurfin bazuwar mai a yanayin zafi mai girma
Acetylene	C₂H₂	Babba -} outocin kudu	An samo asali ne kawai a ƙasa a ƙasa. GASKIYA "GASKIYA GASKIYA"
Carbon Monoxide	Co	Rashin Tsarin Thereral na Masa	Babban mai nuna tsufa ko overheating na m rufewa (takarda)
Carbon dioxide	Co₂	Tsufa ko overheating of insulate takarda	Wanda aka kirkira tare da co; Ratular CO / Co₂ da zai iya sanin matakin tsufa na insulating takarda

Misali, idan taro naAcetylene (C₂H₂)A sakamakon karkataccen yana ƙaruwa sosai, yawanci yana nuna babban - ukun Arc makamashi Arc (misali, iska mai taƙaitaccen yanki) a cikin mai canzawa; a ciki mai canzawa; Idan da rabo naethylene (c₂H₄)Sanannen abu ne, yana iya zama babba {{0} 0 tople ofa zazzabi wanda ya haifar da Multi {{1} aya daga cikin baƙin ƙarfe.

 

3.1 Has na Bincike na Talla: Gwajin asali

Wannan hanyar tana yanke hukunci ko babu wani mahaukaci ta hanyar kwatanta ma'aunin gas tare daDarajar gargadi(An ƙayyade a cikin ƙa'idodi kamar IEC 60599 da GB / t 7252-2017). Misali:

A cikin rufin da sabon mai canzawa mai fasikanci, taro na Acetylene (C₂h₂) ya kamata ya kasance kusa da 0; Idan an gano C₂h₂, ya zama dole a kasance a faɗakarwa ga haɗarin zama da ya rage yayin samar da masana'antu.

Don a -} Tashoshin sabis, idan Taro na Carbon Monoxide (CO) ya kamata a bincika 300 μl / l, yanayin tsufa ya kamata a bincika a hade tare da Co₂.

 

Hanyoyin Binciken Mai Binciken Gas

Abubuwa daban-daban na samar da haduwa daban daban. Ta hanyar lissafin tsallake gas na hales (misali, c₂ ₂ / c₂h₄, chh ₂, c₂h ₂ / c₂h₄ / c₂h₆), nau'ikan kuskure za'a iya mantawa. Dangantakar da suka dace tsakanin rabo na gama gari da kuskure kamar haka (koma ga IEC 60599):

Nau'in kuskure	C₂H₂/C₂H₄ (Acetylene / ethylene)	Haiƙa₄/H(Methane / hydrogen)	C₂H₄/C₂H(Ethylene / ethane)
Aiki na yau da kullun	<0.1	0.1-1.0	<1
Fitarwa	<0.1	>1	<1
Low {{0} Laifin zafin jiki na zazzabi (<300℃)	<0.1	0.1-1.0	<1
High-Temperature Thermal Fault (>700 digiri)	0.1-1.0	0.1-1.0	>3
Babba -} outocin kudu	>1	<0.1	>3

Misali, idan Ratios suka cika yanayin "C₂h ₂ / C₂h₄> 1 da C₂h₄ / C₂h₆> 3, ana iya tabbatar da shi a matsayin babban laifi na makamashi; Gano na Acetylene a cikin MVVOSTOMSOROM A cikin Takardar 2, hade da rashin haɗin gani na gani a ciki (misali, ci gaban sakin ruwa a cikin iska).

 

3.3 Duwatsan Dual Truangle: Binciken zane mai zane mai hoto

An gabatar da Hydro - {0} QueBe cibiyar watsa labaran a Kanada, wannan hanyar tana amfani da kashi ɗaya naMethane (ch₄), ethylene (c₂H₄), da Acetylene (C₂H₂)Kamar yadda ukun na alwatika. Bayan lissafin kowane gas, yana gano matsayin a cikin zane mai zane zane kuma yana yanke hukunci a kan nau'in faduwa. Wannan hanyar tana da hankali sosai kuma suna iya bambancewa da kyau tsakanin "fitilun marasa amfani" da "zazzabi-} overdivide T2 {4} Zazzabi- overdivide T2 na- {Matsakaici- ofa zazzabi T2, m)

Matsakaicin yanki na Duvy Triangle kamar haka:

Yankin D1: Fitarararrawa; Yankin D2: Babban {2} Arc na makamashi;

Yankin t1: low - Ci abinci zazzabi (<300℃); Area T2: Medium-temperature overheating (300-700℃); Area T3: High-temperature overheating (>700 digiri);

Yankin DT: Hada laifi na Arc + Laifin Thermal.

 

3.4 Hanyar Raworing

Ta hanyar CEGB na Burtaniya da Ieee, wannan hanyar ta tabbatar da matrix matrix dangane da tsarin ganowa guda uku (chh₂ / c₂₆), kuma ya dace da saurin ganowa na ƙanana da matsakaita. Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar IEC rabo, hanyar Rogers na iya more ingantacciya tsakanin "karagu {} {{{3} {{{3} {{{3} {{{3} {{3} {{{3} {

 

3.5 IEL 60599 Hanyar Bincike: Cikakken Tsarin tsari

A matsayina na daidaitaccen na duniya, IEC 60599 ba ya dogara da wata hanya ɗaya amma yana da kashi uku - tep tsarin "Matsakaicin Matsayi → Ratio Bincike → Tabbatar tabbatarwa":

Da farko, duba ko maida hankali ne na gas guda da ya wuce daidaitaccen (misali, Acetylene> 5 μL / L yana buƙatar kulawa);

Bayan haka, yi hukunci da kuskuren da aka buga ta hanyar bincike na rabo;

A ƙarshe, tabbatar ko da laifin yana haɓakawa ta hanyar haɗuwa da bayanan Trend na watanni 3-6 (misali, yawan haɓaka kowane wata (10%).

Wannan hanyar tana daidaita daidaito da aiki kuma shine ainihin tushen bincike a masana'antar ikon duniya.

 

4.1 nau'in kuskuren kuskure da kuma cikin tsari

Wannan shine ainihin aikace-aikacen DGE. Lokacin da rashin ciki ya faru a cikin mai canjin (misali, ƙara yawan zafin jiki, haɓaka ya fi dacewa da daidaito a kan {10} outhating "da kuma samar da kwatance don {{5} optioned") da kuma samar da kwatance don {{5} optioned ") Misali, sakamakon sa na MVA na MVVOSTOROM A cikin TASTE 2 (Acetylene + Babban Bukatar "Don hana Laifi na Tsaro.

 

4.2 Gargadi Girma (Trend na Trend)

Ta hanyar sa ido kan bayanan DGA na dogon lokaci kuma nazarin Canjin Trend na Taro na gas, ana iya gano haɗarin haɗari a cikin "matakin da aka samu a cikin laifin:

Jinkirin karaA cikin maida hankali mai gas (misali karuwar kowane wata 5% a cikin Co): yawanci saboda rufi aging, suna buƙatar saka idanu da inganta;

Saurin karuwaA cikin maida hankali gas (misali, 10 μl / l New Acetylene an gano shi a wata rana): yana nuna laifi kwatsam, yana buƙatar rufewa kwatsam;

Bayyanar kwatsamDaga sabon gas (misali, babu C₂h el da aka gano a baya, amma an gano shi a cikin wani gwaji): na iya nuna abin da ya faru na sabon laifi (misali, rufi da iska).

 

4.3 Gwaji na yau da kullun da tabbacin masana'anta (abubuwan buƙatun a cikin takaddar 3)

A cewar IEC 60076-1 da kuma bukatun a cikin takaddun 3, yakamata a gudanar da gwajin DGA kafin mai canjin ya bar masana'anta, bayan sabon allurar mai, ko bayan overhaul:

Kafin gwajin: Tabbatar da cewa sabon mai ya cancanci (misali, babu Acetylene, ƙarancin danshi);

Bayan gwajin: Kwatanta bayanan Chromatographic kafin da bayan gwajin don tabbatar da cewa babu wasu hatsarori na ciki yayin gwajin (misali, fromial gudun zubin da ke haifar da gwajin wutar lantarki);

Misali: Takardar 3 a fili yana bukatar "babu mahaukaci a gwajin cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata" don tabbatar da cewa mai canjin mai da kuma halin da aka kawo mai amfani.

 

Gwajin yanke shawara

Dangane da sakamakon DNG, ana iya tsara dabarun rarrabe:

DGE bayanai na yau da kullun: gudanar da aikin yau da kullun kamar yadda aka shirya;

Kadan rashin daidaituwa (misali, trace ch₄): Gajarta sake zagayowar idanu (misali, daga sau ɗaya a wata 3 zuwa wata guda);

Mummunar mara nauyi (misali, wuce haddi C₂h₂): Rufe don kiyayewa nan da nan don kauce wa lalacewa ta kayan aiki ko haɗarin wutar lantarki.

 

5

Halin gwajin DGG ya dogara da jagorar ka'idoji masu iko. Kasashen daban-daban / Yankuna sun tsara ka'idodi mai dacewa dangane da halaye na wutar lantarki. Ana nuna ingantaccen tsarin tsarin a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa:

Sunan daidaitaccen sunan / Hanyar	Kungiyar Kaddara / Tushen	Abun ciki	Yanayin aikace-aikace
IEL 60599	Hukumar lantarki na kasa da kasa (IEEC)	Yana bayyana iyakokin gas da hanyoyin rabo, jaddada bincike na Trend	A duniya da zartar da aiki, ya dace da mai daban-daban {{0} entformers
IEEE C57.104-2019	Cibiyar Injiniyan lantarki da Wayar Skaba (IEEE)	Ya kafa kimar gas mai gas, yana nuna hanyar Rogers	Kasuwancin Arewa maso Yoream da na duniya, na mai da hankali kan sa ido
Hanyar Duval Triangle	Hydro - edbec, Kanada	Ganewar asali dangane da ch₄ / c₂h ₄ / c₂h₂	Cikakken rarrabuwa na hadaddun kuskure (misali, haɗe da kurakuran)
GB / t 7252-2017	Daidaitaccen tsarin mulkin China	Haɗa IEC da hanyoyin IeEe, suna daidaita da Grid na wutar lantarki ta China	Masu canzawa a China, yana jaddada bincike na shafi Co /
Jec-0101-2001	Cibiyar Injiniyan lantarki na Japan (IeJ)	Tsararren ƙararrawa gas na gas, daidaitawa zuwa sosai- yanayin zafi}	Grid Grid a Japan, mai da hankali kan hukuncin tsufa na insulate takarda

Bukatar gama wannan ka'idojin ita ceba dogaro da wata hanya ɗaya ba amma don yin hukunci mai cikakken hukunci ta hanyar haɗa hanyoyin bincike da yawa da kuma {{{0}, yanayin yanayin aiki (misali yanayin yanayi), kayan aiki na zamani).

 

6.1 NO -} irsive ganowa, babu sakamakon wutar da ake buƙata

Dg Samfin kawai yana buƙatar cirewar 50 - 100 na mai samfurin mai, ba tare da rarraba kayan aikin ko yanke iko ba (sai dai don lokuta na musamman). Ana iya kammala shi yayin aikin yau da kullun na kayan aiki, yana haɓaka asarar wutar lantarki - wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga masu amfani da masana'antu da kamfanonin Grid.

 

6.2 Gargadi na farko, hana haɗari a gaba

Yawancin lokaci yana ɗaukar makonni da yawa har zuwa watanni don kuskure daga "m" zuwa "Barkewar". DGE na iya gano gas na ƙamus ɗin lokacin da kuskuren kuzarin ya ƙare), wanda ke ba da shawara a farkon girma "da" lura da launi mai ", yana ba da lokaci don tabbatarwa.

 

6.3 Rufe nau'ikan kuskure da yawa, cikakken ganewar asali

Ko dai laifi ne na lantarki (ArC, fakiti), Laifin Thermal (ƙaramin kuskure), ko ma da ƙarfi {1} {Entarancin zazzabi,. Duk da yake sauran gwaje-gwaje (misali, juriyar juriya na jihar) zasu iya gano yanayin rufin gaba daya kuma ba zai iya gano takamaiman nau'ikan kuskure ba.

 

A nan gaba, tare da ci gaban Intanet na abubuwa da fasahar lafazin na wucin gadi, gwajin DGG zai matsa zuwa ga hanyar "Real Online {{0} onp 0} +} Kulawa Lokaci + Ai Takaici Neman ganewar"Gaskiya -} ire-irences na lokaci za a yi amfani da su ta atomatik Tasallu da ke canzawa da daidaito da hanyoyin bincike da daidaito. Duk da haka, ƙarin dabarun daidaitawa. Duk da haka, ƙarin dabarun daidaitawa. Duk da haka, ƙarin dabarun daidaitawa. Duk da haka, ƙarin dabarun daidaituwa. Koyaya, ma'anar tabbatar da daidaitattun bayanai. Koyaya, hanyar bincike ta hanyar gas ta gargajiya, m, rabo ɗaya. Hanyar Triangle) har yanzu fasaha ce mai mahimmanci don aikin iko da ma'aikatan tabbatarwa.

Ga masana'antar iko, haɗa mahimmancin gwajin DGG, na ƙasa (misali, IEC 6}} 6}} {4} 2017), da kuma rage haɗarin hatsarin wuta.