Fahimtar Canjin Canjin Canjin Canjin Yanzu: Dalilai, Nau'ukan, da Dabarun Rage Ayyuka

Lokacin da aka kunna transformer a karon farko -ko kuma kawai a sake{1}}ƙarfafawa bayan ɗan gajeren katsewa{2}}yana nuna yadda sau da yawa ke ba mutane mamaki a wajen aikin injiniya. Maimakon daidaitawa cikin kwanciyar hankali a cikin tsayayyen halin yanzu na maganadisu, ba zato ba tsammani ya zana wata katuwar, kusan fashewar tashin na yanzu. Wannan shine sanannen-inrush halin yanzu, kuma ko da yake al'ada ce, yana iya zama kamar wani abu ya ɓace.

A Scotech, muna aiki tare da kayan aiki, 'yan kwangila, da ƙungiyoyin EPC a duk duniya, don haka muna ganin wannan tambayar ta fito sau da yawa:Menene ainihin inrush, me yasa yake faruwa, kuma ta yaya zamu iya sarrafa shi?
Bari mu bi ta cikin aiki, injiniya{0}hanyar sada zumunci.

 

1. Abin da Inrush A halin yanzu Shine

2. Nau'o'in Ciwon Zuciya Daban-daban

Injiniyoyin yawanci suna magana game da manyan siffofi guda huɗu:

Magnetizing inrush– da classic karuwa a lokacin kuzari.

Farfadowa inrush- bayan dips irin ƙarfin lantarki ko gajere.

Ciwon kai mai tausayi– Lokacin da lafiyayyen wuta, riga-{0}}waɗanda aka haɗa taswirar ta shiga damuwa saboda ana samun kuzarin wani transfoma a cikin hanyar sadarwa ɗaya.

Sama da tashin hankali{{0}– abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba fiye da - ƙarfin lantarki ko yanayin mita.

Kowane nau'i yana da nasa hali, amma dukkansu suna da tushe iri ɗaya: matakan jujjuyawar tsalle-tsalle sama da yankin jin daɗi.

 

3. Me Yasa Ake Faruwa A Farko

Don fahimtar inrush da gaske, muna buƙatar magana game da jujjuyawar maganadisu{0}}ba kawai tsayayyen juzu'i ba, amma ragowar, rashin daidaituwa, fita{2}}na{3}} sync flux wanda ke rayuwa a cikin ainihin koda bayan an kashe taransfoma.

 

3.1 Ragowar Flux (mafi girman rikici)

Masu canzawa suna "tuna" yanayin maganadisu. Ko da bayan ƙarfin lantarki ya ɓace, ainihin na iya riƙewasaura juyisaboda:

zagayowar wutar lantarki ta ƙarshe kafin cire haɗin,

Material hysteresis,

load tarihi da zumudi juna.

Idan wutar lantarki ta sake samun kuzari a daidai lokacin da wutar lantarki mai shigowa ke ƙoƙarin turawaa hanya guda, sakamakon jujjuyawar na iya tashi sama da ƙimar ƙira{0}} yana tura ainihin cikin saturation.

Da zarar an cika shi, na'urar wuta ba zai iya ƙara amfani da inductance magnetizing don iyakance halin yanzu ba. Don haka sararin sama na yanzu - roka.

 

3.2 Matsakaicin canjin lokaci - shine komai

Idan ka rufe mai karyawa a lokacin "ba daidai ba" -misali, a madaidaicin sifirin wutan lantarki -juyin yana farawa daga sifili amma ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana ƙaruwa a matsakaicin ƙimarsa.
Flux yana amsawa da sauri, yana harbi sama, kuma yana iya wuce iyaka - tsaye.

Idan sauyawa nan take ya faruƙarazuwa saura juzu'i, karuwa yana ƙara girma.

Lokaci na daban na rufewa na iya haifar da matsananciyar wahala kawai.
Miliyoyin seconds kaɗan ne ke yanke shawarar bambanci tsakanin ƙarfafawa mai natsuwa da 12 × ƙima mai ƙima na yanzu.

 

3.3 Mahimman halayen jikewa

Kowane ainihin abu yana da ma'ana inda ya ƙi ƙara maganadisu. Da zarar jikewa ya faru:

inductance ya rushe,

halin yanzu yana tashi da yardar kaina har sai juriya mai juriya ko tsarin impedance a ƙarshe ya iyakance shi.

Ƙararren jikewar guiwar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewar jikewa,ana kara karfi da rugujewa.

 

3.4 Yanayin tsarin

Ƙaƙƙarfan grid (babban gajere{0}MVA) zai "ciyar da" cikin sauƙi.
Rarraunan grid yana tilasta ƙarfin wutar lantarki don raguwa, a zahiri yana rage inrush amma yana haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali.

Rawanin grid → ƙarami inrush amma ƙarin tashin hankali
Ƙarfafa grid → mafi girma inrush amma cibiyar sadarwa ta kasance barga

 

3.5 Asymmetry da DC biya diyya

Ƙarfafawa sau da yawa yana haifar da ɓangaren DC a cikin yanayin motsi na yanzu.
Wannan kashe-kashe{0}haɗe tare da jikewa{1}yana tura taranfoma zuwa wani maras kan layi, haɓakar asymmetric na yanzu.

 

4. Abubuwan Da Suke Tasirin Yadda Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Zai Kasance

Ciwon ciki ba bazuwar ba ne; yana bin ka'idodi masu iya faɗi. Ƙirar ƙira da sigogin tsarin da yawa suna tasiri yadda ƙarfin hawan ya zama.

 

4.1 Rago matakin juyi & polarity

Abu guda mafi tasiri.
Babban saura juzu'i + mummunan kusurwar canzawa=mafi muni-harka.

Ko da ma'aunai iri ɗaya na iya zama daban-daban dangane da zagayowar ƙaramar ƙarfin su ta ƙarshe.

 

4.2 Core material, geometry & saturation curve

4.3 gajeriyar tsarin -ƙarfin kewayawa (matakin kuskure)

Tsari mai ƙarfi → babban samuwa inrush halin yanzu

Tsarin rauni → rushewar wutar lantarki yana iyakance halin yanzu amma yana haifar da tashin hankali

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa taswirar rarraba yankunan karkara na iya haifar da fitilu su yi kyalkyali yayin kuzari.

 

4.4 Girman mai canzawa (ƙimar kVA/MVA)

Babban cibiya → mafi girman ƙarfin maganadisu → yuwuwar inrush mai girma.
Ko da yake ba layi ba, manyan raka'a sun fi kula da saura.

 

4.5 Tsarin iska

 

 

Girgizar ƙasa ta Delta tana kama magudanan ruwa masu yawo waɗanda ke ɗan sake fasalin yanayin girgizar.
Wasu jeri a zahiri suna samar da ƙarin jituwa yayin ƙarfafawa.

 

4.6 Zazzabi da tarihin maganadisu

Na'urar taswira mai dumi tana da ɗan bambanta halayen maganadisu fiye da na sanyi.
Dogayen lokutan zaman banza na iya rage ko bazuwar saura saura.

 

5. Yadda Injiniyoyin Kiyasta Ko Kididdige Ciwon Zuciya

Lissafin ya fito ne daga alaƙar wutar lantarki – juzu'i, amma ga tsarin ainihin ƙayyadaddun bayanin yana aiki:

Lokacin da aka tilasta juzu'i sama da tsayayyensa -matsayin yanayin sa, ainihin abin ya cika. Mai canzawa yana ƙoƙarin mayar da ma'auni, kuma sakamakon shine babban halin yanzu na wucin gadi.

A aikace, injiniyoyi suna amfani da:

Matsakaicin ƙima (misali, 8-14 × ƙididdige ƙimar halin yanzu don yawancin masu rarrabawa)

Bayanan ƙira na masana'anta

Kayan aikin software -EMTP{1}}RV, PSCAD, MATLAB/Simulink{2}}don yin ƙira dalla-dalla

Madaidaicin ƙididdiga yana buƙatar bayani game da babban lanƙwasa, kusurwar juyawa, taurin tsarin, da juriya mai juriya.

 

6. Yadda Za'a Iya Rage Ciwon Jiki Ko Kariya

 

6.1. Ƙirƙiri da Ƙirƙirar Ƙira na iska

Masu canza canji tare da ƙananan juzu'in jikewa a zahiri suna haifar da ƙarancin inrush. Ana iya samun wannan ta hanyar haɓaka sashin gicciye{1}}, zaɓi ainihin kayan aiki tare da ingantattun halayen maganadisu, ko gabatar da ƴan raƙuman iska don hana haɓakar ruwa kwatsam. Rage ragowar maganadisu yana da mahimmanci musamman, saboda jujjuyawar asymmetric shine babban dalilin matsananciyar kololuwar inrush. Multi- ƙira ta famfo wani ɓangare ne na daidaitaccen injiniyan taswira kuma baya lalata aminci. Waɗannan matakan suna aiki a tushen: suna tabbatar da da'irar maganadisu ta tsaya tsayin daka yayin ƙarfafawa, yana rage damar jikewa -kore.

 

6.2. Canjawar Sarrafa (Alamar -kan{2}}Rufe igiyar ruwa)

Nuna{0}on{1}} fasahar igiyar igiyar ruwa ana gane ko'ina a matsayin hanya mafi inganci wajen aiki don iyakance saurin kuzari. Ta hanyar daidaita mai karyawa don rufewa a sifirin sifiri - daidai lokacin da mai yuwuwa ya yi daidai da saura juzu'i{4}} transformer yana guje wa tsalle-tsalle na maganadisu ba zato ba tsammani. IEC 62271-100 yana goyan bayan kuma an tura shi a cikin tashoshin mai amfani, sauyawa mai sarrafawa yana aiki azaman hanya ce kaɗai kuma yana buƙatar kawai cewa mai karyawa da tsarin sarrafawa ya kasance tare da wutar lantarki na tsarin.

 

6.3. Soft{1}}Farawa da Yanzu{2}}Hanyoyin iyakancewa

Hanyoyi masu laushi-akan farawa suna amfani da wutar lantarki a hankali, suna ƙyale motsin maganadisu ya tashi sumul maimakon nan take. Tsarukan masana'antu galibi suna amfani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio na NTC, na'urorin lantarki na yanzu, ko da'irori mai sarrafawa - sama. Waɗannan suna da tasiri musamman ga busassun na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, UPS gaba{5}}arshen tasfoma, da sauran matsakaitan kayan wuta. Kodayake NTCs ba su da yawa a cikin injinan mai{8} cike da masu rarrabawa saboda yanayin zafi da girman la'akari, iyakancewar lantarki mai aiki ya kasance babban mafita kuma abin dogaro a aikin injiniyan lantarki.

 

6.4. Tsare Tsare-Tsare da Zaɓin Kayan Aikin Da Ya dace

Inrush na iya raguwa sosai lokacin da sigogin gidan wuta suka dace da halayen hanyar sadarwa. Injiniyoyin suna yin la'akari akai-akai suna yin la'akari da gajeriyar hanyar tushe -ƙarfin kewayawa, rashin ƙarfi na wutan lantarki, da tsayin mai ciyarwa don hana mafi muni{2}} rashin daidaituwa. Matsakaicin tsarin da ya fi girma a dabi'a yana iyakance karu na farko na yanzu, yayin da zaɓin girman mai canzawa don ɗaukar nauyi yana guje wa wuce gona da iri na magnetizing VA dangane da ƙarfin cibiyar sadarwa. Waɗannan matakan tsare-tsare wani ɓangare ne na daidaitaccen tsarin aikin injiniyan wutar lantarki.

 

6.5. Matakan Kariya da Ragewa

Ko da inrush ya faru, kariyar da aka zaɓa da kyau tana hana tashin hankali. D{1}}curve ko K-masu karya da'ira da lokaci{3}}wararrakin jinkiri sune masana'antu{4}matsalolin da aka ƙera don jure ɗan gajeren lokaci{5} magnetizing yana ƙaruwa ba tare da lalata aminci ba. Farawa a jere wani ma'auni ne mai amfani lokacin da tafsiri da yawa ke aiki akan feeder iri ɗaya, yana tabbatar da cewa kololuwar ɓarnarsu ba ta zoba. Waɗannan dabarun ba hanyoyin murkushe su ba ne da kansu, amma suna tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da ingantaccen tsarin aiki.

 

6.6. Ƙarin Hanyoyi tare da Iyakokin Aikace-aikace

Wasu fasahohi{0}kamar pre{1}}magnetization da pre{2}}maganin sakawa{3} na iya yin tasiri amma suna buƙatar tsauraran sharuɗɗan aikace-aikace. Pre{5}magnetization dole ne ya daidaita daidai da lokacin wutar lantarki na tsarin; idan ba a daidaita shi da kyau ba, yana iya karuwa maimakon rage yawan karuwa. Pre{7}}Resitors ana tabbatar da su a cikin babban canjin wutar lantarki amma ba kasafai ake amfani da su a cikin ƙananan tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki ko matsakaicin{10} saboda ƙaƙƙarfansu da tsadar su. Waɗannan hanyoyin ya kamata a yi la'akari da su kawai don lokuta na musamman kuma ba gama-garin mafita ba ne{12}}.

 

Tunani Na Karshe

Inrush current ba zai yuwu ba, amma kuma ana iya sarrafa shi sosai da zarar mun fahimci ilimin kimiyyar lissafi a bayansa. Ko kuna ƙarfafa ƙaramin sandar sandar sandar sandar sandar wuta{1} ko babban pad{2} wanda aka ɗora ko naúrar tashar, ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ne.

Ta hanyar la'akari da saura saura, yanayin tsarin, da hanyoyin ƙarfafawa, kayan aiki da injiniyoyin aiki na iya rage tasirin da ba'a so ba.

Idan kuna buƙatar takamaiman aiki -takamammen jagora{1}}ko kuna son goyan baya daidaita dabarun samar da kuzari don hanyar sadarwar ku{2}}Ƙungiyar injiniyan Scotech koyaushe a shirye take don taimakawa.