Taimakon Matsi na Mai Canjawa da Tsarin Gane Laifi

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1. Gabatarwa

 

A cikin mai -wayoyin da aka nutsar da su, canje-canjen matsi na ciki al'ada ce ta aiki. Yayin da mai canza mai ke zafi da sanyi yayin hawan hawan, sararin da aka rufe a cikin tanki yana faɗaɗa kuma yana yin kwangila, yana haifar da hawan matsin lamba a hankali a cikin shingen taswirar. A ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, waɗannan canje-canjen matsa lamba suna faruwa a hankali kuma galibi suna da alaƙa da bambancin yanayin yanayi da lodin taswira.

Koyaya, kurakuran wutar lantarki na ciki suna haifar da matsi daban-daban. Abubuwan da suka faru kamar gazawar iska ko harba na ciki na iya saurin ruɓar da mai ya zama iskar gas, yana haifar da matsa lamba kwatsam a cikin tanki. Saboda waɗannan kurakuran da aka haifar da matsa lamba suna faruwa a cikin milli seconds, masu canji ba kawai na buƙatar na'urorin taimako na matsa lamba ba, har ma da tsarin gano kurakuran da ke da ikon gano yanayin matsa lamba na al'ada kafin bala'in gazawar tanki.

Don haka, tsarin kariya na transfoma na zamani gabaɗaya ya kasu zuwa manyan rukuni biyu:

• Tsarin taimako na matsin lamba
• Tsarin gano kuskure

Wannan falsafar kariyar kariya tana nunawa sosai a cikin ka'idodin IEEE C57 da ayyukan ƙira na IEC 60076.

 

2. Taimakon Matsi vs Gane Laifi

 

Ko da yake ana amfani da kalmomin "taimakon matsin lamba" da "gano kuskure" a wasu lokuta a cikin masana'antar transfoma, suna aiki daban-daban ayyuka.

An ƙera na'urar rage matsa lamba don sakin tankin tanki da ya wuce kima don hana nakasar injina ko fashewar tankin na'urar. Waɗannan na'urori suna mayar da martani da farko ga girman matsin lamba kuma suna kafa tushen tsarin kariyar matsa lamba.

Na'urorin gano kuskure, a gefe guda, suna lura da sauri ko halayen canjin matsa lamba masu alaƙa da lahani na lantarki na ciki. Maimakon sakin matsa lamba, suna haifar da ƙararrawa ko sigina na tafiya don ware na'urar wuta daga tsarin wutar lantarki.

Wannan bambance-bambancen yana ƙara zama mahimmanci yayin da girman taransfoma da kuskuren makamashi ke ƙaruwa.

 

Tebur 1 - Bambanci Tsakanin Taimakon Matsi da Gane Laifi

3. Na'urorin Taimakon Matsakaicin Matsi

 

3.1 Valve Relief Valve (PRV)​​​​​​​

An ƙera Bawul ɗin Sakin Matsi don kare tankin mai canzawa daga matsanancin matsin lamba a ciki. Da zarar matsa lamba a cikin tanki ya kai matsa lamba na saki, bawul ɗin zai buɗe ta atomatik don sakin gas har sai matsa lamba ya faɗi zuwa matsi mai aminci. Bugu da kari, a duk lokacin da ya cancanta, ana ba masu amfani damar yin aiki da hannu da hannu na bawul ɗin taimako a cikin aikace-aikacen taswira ta hanyar ja zoben aiki don rage matsa lamba na ciki.

Ƙarƙashin aikin IEEE, matsa lamba na ƙira don ƙirar taswirar PRV kusan 10 PSIG ± 2 PSIG, yayin da aikace-aikacen CSA sukan yi amfani da saitunan matsa lamba. Bayan an sauke matsin lamba, bawul ɗin taimako na matsin lamba a cikin tsarin na'urar ta atomatik yana sake rufewa ta atomatik don kiyaye amincin tanki na tafsiri.

 

Saboda sauƙin gini da ingantaccen aiki, ana amfani da PRV sosai a cikin:

• Pole{0}masu tafsiri
• Pad -masu tafsiri
• Man -waɗanda aka nutsar da masu rarraba wutar lantarki
• Ƙananan tashoshin naúrar

 

Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin PRD mafi girma, PRVs gabaɗaya an fi fifita don ƙananan taswirar kVA inda tashin matsa lamba ya kasance matsakaici da tsinkaya. A yawancin aikace-aikacen taswira na rarrabawa, bawul ɗin PRV a cikin tankuna masu canzawa ya kasance mafi yawan nau'in kariyar matsa lamba na inji.

3.2 Na'urar Taimakon Matsi (PRD)

Na'urorin taimako na matsin lamba (PRDs) suna aiki da gaske manufa iri ɗaya da bawul ɗin taimako na matsa lamba (PRVs): suna kare tanki mai canzawa daga matsananciyar ciki. A aikace, ko da yake, PRDs an fi danganta su da babban ƙimar ƙarfin wuta. Yawancin lokaci ba ku ganin PRD da aka sanya akan tasfoma a ƙasa da kusan 1,500 kVA, kodayake babu wani abu a zahiri da ba daidai ba tare da amfani da ɗaya akan ƙananan raka'a idan aikace-aikacen yana buƙatar sa.

Yawancin PRDs ana ɗora su a saman tankin na'ura mai canzawa, inda za'a iya fitar da iskar gas na ciki ko haɓakar matsa lamba da sauri yayin yanayin kuskure.

Kalmomi na iya zama da ruɗani saboda "na'urar agajin matsin lamba" ana amfani da ita azaman kalmar masana'antu gabaɗaya don duka PRVs da PRDs. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da PRVs akan ƙananan taswirar rarrabawa, yayin da PRDs sun fi yawa akan manyan raka'a ko aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amsawar matsa lamba da sauri da alamar kuskure.

Na'urar taimakon matsa lamba na taswira yana yin aiki na asali iri ɗaya kamar PRV - yana kawar da matsananciyar matsa lamba na ciki - amma yawanci ana ƙirƙira shi tare da mafi girman ƙarfin kwarara, lokacin amsawa cikin sauri, ingantaccen aikin sakewa, da ƙararrawa na zaɓi ko ayyukan sa ido. Ƙirar PRD na ci gaba suna ba da ingantaccen matsa lamba na buɗewa, ɗan gajeren lokacin aiki, abin dogaro na dogon lokaci{3}} aikin waje, da ingantacciyar hatimi akan danshi, ƙura, da shigar iska, yana taimakawa kula da matsi mai inganci da haɓaka amincin aikin mai canza canji.

 

Babban fa'idar murfin{0}} PRDs da aka ɗora shine ikon sa ido. Yawancin taruka na na'urar rage matsa lamba sun haɗa da:

• Semaphores na gani ko alamun aiki
• Lambobin ƙararrawa mai nisa
• SCADA{0}} abubuwan sa ido masu dacewa

 

Wannan yana sa PRDs ya dace musamman don tashoshin kayan aiki da tsarin wutar lantarki inda ake buƙatar saka idanu mai nisa.

Ana yawan amfani da PRDs a:

• Naúrar tashar taswira
• Matsakaicin wutar lantarki
• Manyan wutar lantarki
• Taranfoma masu amfani da wutar lantarki

 

Don manyan aikace-aikacen kayan aiki, injiniyoyi sukan zaɓi tsarin na'urar sauya matsi maimakon ƙarami PRV saboda girman kuskuren ciki da ƙarar mai.

3.3 Rupture Disc

Ana amfani da fayafai masu karyewa azaman na'urorin agajin gaggawa na gaggawa a cikin manyan aikace-aikacen canza canjin makamashi.

Ba kamar PRVs ko daidaitattun PRDs ba, fayafai rupture ba - na'urorin sake saitawa ba ne waɗanda aka ƙera don fashe nan take lokacin da matsa lamba na ciki ya kai iyaka. Babban manufarsu ita ce samar da cikakken fili{2}}waya cikin gaggawa yayin bala'in kuskure na cikin gida.

 

Domin dole ne a maye gurbin fayafai masu fashewa bayan aiki, yawanci ana tanadar su don:

• Manyan wutar lantarki
• Tanderun wuta
• Taswirar tawul
• Babban kuskure{0}}tsararrun masana'antu

A cikin aikin injiniya, fayafai masu fashewa suna wakiltar mafi girman matakin kariyar matsa lamba na inji.

4. Na'urorin gano kuskuren Transformer

 

4.1 Mai Gano Laifin Cikin Gida (IFD)

Ana amfani da Abubuwan Gano Laifin Cikin Gida (IFDs) akan sandar sandar sandar sandar sandar -saka da kumfa{1}}masu tafsiri a matsayin na'ura mai sauƙi amma mai tasiri sosai.

Wani IFD yana gano tashin matsi na ciki kwatsam wanda ya haifar da kurakurai a cikin tankin taswira. Lokacin da aka kunna, alamar gani mai launi mai haske ta fito, yana bawa ma'aikatan aikin damar gano nan da nan cewa taranfomar ta sami kuskuren ciki kuma bai kamata a sake ƙarfafa shi ba.

 

Babban fa'idar tsarin IFD na zamani shine ƙira da yawa sun haɗa daidaitaccen IEEE ko CSA mai yarda da PRV a cikin majalissar taswira zuwa na'urar iri ɗaya, haɗa:

• Saurin matsi
• Alamar kuskure

cikin tsari guda ɗaya.

 

Ana yawan amfani da IFDs a:

• Guda ɗaya -ƙarar sandar lokaci{1}mai hawa tafsiri
• Uku -sanni na zamani{1}masu tafsiri
• Pad -masu tafsiri
• Kananan gidajen wutan lantarki

Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin SPR, IFDs sun fi sauƙi, mafi tattali, kuma sun dace musamman don rarrabawa{0}} aikace-aikacen matakin.

4.2 Relay Matsi na Kwatsam (SPR / RPR)

 

Ana yawan amfani da waɗannan tsarin a:

• Matsakaicin wutar lantarki
• Manyan wutar lantarki
• Rectifier transfoma
• Tanderun wuta
• Taswirar tawul

 

Idan aka kwatanta da IFDs, tsarin kariyar gudun ba da sanda mai saurin matsa lamba yana ba da haɗakar wutar lantarki cikin sauri kuma sun fi dacewa da mahimmancin amfani da aikace-aikacen masana'antu.

4.3 Buchholz Relay

Relay na Buchholz iskar gas - da mai -gudanar ruwa{2}} na'urar gano kurakuran da ake amfani da ita a cikin na'urar taswira{3}}.

Ba kamar tsarin SPR da IFD ba, waɗanda ke amsa da farko ga canje-canjen matsin lamba, Buchholz relays yana gano kurakuran ciki ta hanyar:

• Tarin iskar gas
• Motsi motsin mai

 

Relay yawanci yana aiki a matakai biyu:

• Ƙararrawa don kurakuran farawa
• Tafiya don manyan laifuffuka na ciki

 

Ana amfani da relays na Buchholz sosai a:

• Conservator{0}}nau'in tashoshin naúrar
• Matsakaicin wutar lantarki
• Manyan wutar lantarki

 

Saboda iyawarsu na gano abubuwan da ke tasowa a hankali a hankali, relays na Buchholz ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mahimman na'urorin gano kuskure a cikin manyan na'urori masu cike da mai{0}.

 

5​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​. Matsayin Kariya a Ayyukan Injiniya

 

A cikin aikace-aikacen taswira na gaske, waɗannan na'urorin ba a yi amfani da su daidai a duk azuzuwan tasfo. Madadin haka, tsarin kariya yana haɓaka ci gaba a hankali yayin da girman tafsiri da ƙarar kuzari.

 

Tebur 2 - Aikace-aikacen Na'urar Kariya ta Musamman ta Class Transformer

Wannan tsari mai laushi yana nuna ƙa'idar aikin injiniya wanda kariyar taswira ta samo asali daga sauƙi na matsi na inji zuwa haɗaɗɗen tsarin kariya na kuskuren inji da lantarki.

6. Kammalawa

 

Zane-zanen aminci na masu canji na zamani ya dogara ne akan daidaitawar matsi da tsarin gano kuskure maimakon dogaro da na'ura ɗaya.

PRVs da PRDs suna ba da taimako na matsa lamba na inji yayin al'ada da yanayin aiki mara kyau. Faifan fayafai suna ba da kariya ta gaggawa ta ƙarshe yayin laifuffuka masu haɗari. IFDs da tsarin ba da izinin matsa lamba kwatsam suna gano tashin matsi na kwatsam sakamakon lahani na lantarki na ciki, yayin da Buchholz relays ke sa ido kan samar da iskar gas da motsin mai da ke da alaƙa da haɓaka gazawar rufin.

Tare, waɗannan na'urori suna samar da gine-ginen kariyar taswira da yawa waɗanda ke haɓaka amincin aiki, amincin ma'aikata, da iyawar keɓewa a cikin rarraba, masana'antu, da tsarin wutar lantarki.