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Kwaya a cikin mai canzawa mai: Aikace-aikace da haɗari

Jun 10, 2025

Bar sako

Abin da ke ciki
  1. 1.Wane kwaya?
  2. 2.Histrorical amfani da PCBS a mai canzawa mai
  3. 3.Hazards na kwaya
  4. 4.Anytical hanyoyin don gano PCB a cikin mai canzawa mai
  5. 5.PCB ta hana da matsayin yanzu
  6. 6.pcbs hanyoyin cirewa da ka'idodi
  7. 7.. Bukukako Bukatun
  8. 8 Zaɓuɓɓukan zaɓuɓɓuka don masu watsa mahaɗan PCB
  9. Ƙarshe

Kwaya a cikin mai canzawa mai: Aikace-aikace da haɗari

 

pcbs

1.Wane kwaya?

 

Biphychlarinsa (kwayoyi)Su ne rukuni na sinadarai na ƙiyayya da aka yi amfani da su sosai a cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu da kasuwanci saboda kwanciyar hankali, da kuma juriya na wuta. An hada kwayoyin halittu masu bambancin Biphenyl tare da bambance-bambancen digiri na musanyõkun chlorine, kwaya na kowa ne a cikin kayan lantarki (misali, masu canzawa, tsarin hydraulcs, da sauran amfani na masana'antu. Koyaya, saboda sudagewa a cikin muhalli, yuwuwar Bioacmulation, da tasirin guba- ciki har da rarrabuwar kawuna da karfafa gwiwa {1} {1} {A ƙarshen karni na 20 a karkashin yarjejeniyoyi na duniya kamarStockholm Babban Taron ON-mai rauni na Organic (POPS).

Duk da lokacinsu {{0}, cututtukan PCB ya kasance muhimmin yanayin muhalli da na jama'a, yana buƙatar tsananin kulawa,. Binciken ci gaba mai gudana ya ci gaba da tantance tsawon lokaci {2} {to toudu tasowar muhimmiyar tasirin da haɓaka dabarun lalata. Hukumar kula da tsarin duniya ta aiwatar da jagororin karbuwa don gudanar da tsare-tsaren data kasance tare da kwamfutar data kasance {{4} kenan kayan aiki da hana karin kayan aiki.

2.Histrorical amfani da PCBS a mai canzawa mai

Daga 1930s zuwa shekarun 1970, an ƙara ƙwanƙwalwa a cikin masu canzawa saboda kaddarorin likitancinsu. Manyan dalilai na farko sun haɗa:

MAbubuwan Mulki

Babban abin da ya kamata a cire kyakkyawan tsari na yanzu kuma yana yin gini

01

Babban kwanciyar hankali

Juriya ga lalata a yanayin zafi ya dace da ayyukan canzawa

02

Sunadarai

Juriya ga hadayar da hadawa da lalata tsawon hidimar mai

03

Juriya kashe gobara

Ingantaccen canja wurin zaman lafiya

04

Low volatility

Rage yawan adadin mai da aka kashe

05

3.Hazards na kwaya

Environmental Impacts

Tasirin muhalli

 

  1. M: Musamman tsayayya da lalacewar halitta tare da rabi - assan shekaru zuwa shekarun da suka zuwa shekarun da suka gabata
  2. Bioacmulation: Na iya biomagnify har zuwa miliyoyin lokuta ta hanyar sarkar abinci
  3. Dogon {{0 topif Tushen Range: Zai iya yada a duniya ta hanyar Atmoospheric da ruwa, har ma sun kai yankuna polar
  4. Kasar gona da gurbata ruwa: Leaks daga PCB - enuan canje-canje da ke haifar da saiti ɗaya

Tasirin lafiya

 

  1. Carcinogenicity: An tsara shi azaman kungiya 1 carcinogens ta hanyar iarc
  2. Rushewar endocrine: Tsangwama tare da horsones thyroid, Estrogen da sauran ayyukan endacrine
  3. Neurotoxicity: Yana tasiri ci gaban kwayar cuta da aiki na yara
  4. Imuniniupala: Rage cutar juriya
  5. Tsohuwar haihuwa: Yana tasiri da haihuwa da ci gaba
  6. Tasirin lalata: Certraild na iya haifar da chlogacne da sauran rikicewar fata

pcb Health Effects

no pcb

 

4.Anytical hanyoyin don gano PCB a cikin mai canzawa mai

Tsarin bincike na zamani na ganowa na PCB a cikin mai mai canzawa sun haɗa da:

  1. Gas chromatography (gc):
    • Babba {{0} upateed GC (HRGC)
    • GC - spe spectrometry (GC -})
  2. Immuntamays:
    • Enzyme -} iresorbent asays (Elisa)
  3. Hanyar allo:
    • {{- irewa zayyan cryorescence (xrf)
    • Tufafin immunoassay
  4. Sauran hanyoyin:
    • Infrared Spectroscopy
    • Babba - Labaran ruwa na ruwa (HPLC)

Tsarin nazari yawanci bi da jagororin IC ko hanyoyin EPA na ƙasa kamar EPA hanyar 8082.

 

5.PCB ta hana da matsayin yanzu

Kamar yadda hadarin PCB ya zama sananne, yanayin duniya {0} {} enproop ya fara a cikin 1970s-1980s:

  1. Amurka: An dakatar da masana'antar PCB a ƙarƙashin TSCa a 1979
  2. Tarayyar Turai: Sanarwa PCB kayan aiki {{0} EGIP FRAN 1985
  3. China: Aka jera PCBS a tsakanin farkon 12 pops Compeded a karkashin Stockholm Taron Stockholm a cikin 2000
  4. Na duniya: An haɗa shi a cikin asalin 12 a ƙarƙashin taron Stockholm 2001

 

Masu canzawa na zamani suna dauke da babu kwaskwarima, amfani da mahimman madadin ruwa a maimakon. Koyaya, kayan gado na gado na iya ƙunsar sharan PCB na buƙatar gudanarwa na musamman.

oil immersed transformer

transformer oil

 

6.pcbs hanyoyin cirewa da ka'idodi

PCB cire fasahar

  1. Hanyoyin jiki:
    • Adsorption (carbon kunnawa, resins)
    • Distillation
    • Rarraba membrane
  2. Hanyoyin sunadarai:
    • Tushe -} in lalata catalyzed (BCD)
    • Tsarin Redox
    • Fitar da sako
    • Matsakaici na rashin daidaituwa
  3. Hanyoyin ilimin halitta:
    • Lalata lalata cuta
    • Phytoredation
  4. Jiyya na Tsari:
    • High-temperature incineration (>1200 Digiri a wurare na musamman)
    • Plasma Arc Jiyya

 

7.. Bukukako Bukatun

PCB Blasia tana bin sawun mutane masu tsauri:

  • Gudanarwa ta hanyar wuraren lasisi kawai
  • Cike -} takardun sarkar da bin diddigin
  • Haramcin da ba a sarrafa shi ba ko layin ƙasa
  • Jingina na kulawa dole ne su cika ka'idodin aminci
  • Dole ne wuraren aiwatarwa

mineral oil

8 Zaɓuɓɓukan zaɓuɓɓuka don masu watsa mahaɗan PCB

 

Canjin na zamani na zamani ya canza zuwa hanyoyin da ake fi so na cikin gida:

Ma'adanai na ma'adinai:

  • Mai ladabi
  • Biodegradable
  • Kudin {{0} end

Kissan roba:

  • Manyan maki
  • Biodegradable
  • Kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali

Esters na halitta:

  • Man kayan lambu - enits (rpeeseed, soya)
  • Cikakken tsari
  • Manyan wuraren wuta
  • Sabunta sourcing

Silicone ruwa:

  • Chemyin ineret
  • Da gangara ta tabbata
  • Low guba

M ruwaye:

  • Matsananci kwanciyar hankali
  • Non - to} mai shayarwa
  • Mafi girma farashi

Dry - ire-iren transforers:

Kawar da kayan maye

Ta cire hadarin mai

Ya dace da mahalli mai mahimmanci

Duk da yake waɗannan hanyoyin na iya samun wasu kasuwancin na iya samun wasu kasuwancin - ashe idan aka kwatanta da PCBs, suna wakiltar ƙa'idodin masana'antar lokacin la'akari da abubuwan da muhalli. Abubuwan canjin canjin zamani suna rama ta hanyar ingantacciyar sanyaya da tsarin rufin da ke rage dogaro kan kaddarorin ruwa.

Ƙarshe

Tarihin PCBS a cikin transforers yana nuna juyin halitta na fahimtar haɗari yayin ci gaban masana'antu. Daga amfani da yaduwa a matsayin "mu'ujiza na mu'ujiza" ga haramtaccen duniya saboda dagewa, wannan kararraki ya nuna mahimmancin daidaitawa, wannan yanayin ya nuna mahimmancin daidaitawa da aminci a cikin samar da fasaha. Siffar wutar lantarki ta haifar da ingantattun cututtukan PCB da yawa yayin karfafa gudanar da kayan aikin PCB kayan aiki. Kafofin watsa labarai na gaba za su ci gaba da karkata zuwa mafi karfin aiki, aminci da dorewa a matsayin ka'idoji na gaba a matsayin ka'idoji na gaba.

PCBs in transformers

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